Electrical wires are conductors that transmit electrical energy. Structurally, they are classified into three categories: bare wires, magnet wires, and insulated wires. Bare wires have no insulation layer and are used in outdoor overhead lines; magnet wires have a thin insulation layer and are used in motors and transformers; insulated wires consist of a conductor, an insulation layer, and a protective layer, and are widely used in low-voltage electrical appliances. Wires and cables consist of four parts: a conductor, an insulation layer, a shielding layer, and a protective layer. The shielding layer is particularly important for high-voltage lines.
Electric wires are classified into three categories according to their use: power systems, information transmission, and instrumentation systems, covering types from overhead transmission lines to data cables. Quality inspection requires repeated bending tests to verify flexibility and insulation integrity. A superior product is one that feels soft to the touch, has good fatigue strength, and has no cracks in the insulation, achieved by repeatedly bending the wire end by hand. When using them, special models such as fire-resistant and flame-retardant cables should be selected according to environmental requirements to avoid malfunctions caused by improper selection. Besides copper and aluminum, copper-clad aluminum conductors are gradually being used due to their cost and conductivity advantages, but national standards prohibit their use as conductors for transmitting electrical energy.
Manufacturing enterprises are improving quality management through digital systems, establishing production logistics management systems to achieve product traceability, real-time monitoring of parameters in process control systems, and automatic data collection and analysis by quality control systems. Testing equipment is incorporating technologies such as laser diameter measurement and high-voltage pinhole detection to improve accuracy, and intelligent tensile testing instruments are replacing traditional equipment to optimize testing processes.
